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          stm32f4网络DMA描述符
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        <p>​        stm32f4以太网驱动程序中使用DMA描述符管理缓冲区，其连接结构描述如下图：</p>
<img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210021405254.jpg" style="zoom:67%;">

<p>1、一个以太网数据包可以跨越一个或多个DMA描述符</p>
<p>2、一个DMA描述符只能用于一个以太网数据包</p>
<p>3、DMA描述符列表中的最后一个描述符指向第一个，形成链式结构！</p>
<p>​        描述符有分为增强描述符和常规描述符，我们只讲常规描述符！因为我们的网络例程只使用到了常规描述符。常规描述符和增强描述符的结构体成员变量不同。常规描述符只使用了描述符的前4个成员变量。</p>
<p>​        在STM32的参考手册中，我们可以找到发送描述符的定义，如下：</p>
<img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210022049612.png" style="zoom:77%;">

<p>​        一眼看上去好像很复杂，这些是寄存器吗？但是找了一大堆文档，也没有找到它的寄存器地址，因为它根本就不是什么寄存器，而是4个32Bit的内存。对的，你去找发送描述符的硬件结构，是肯定找不到的，因为它完全是纯软件的概念，它的本质就是我们自己用结构体来实现这个描述符，然后将描述符的首地址写入到【ETH_DMATDLAR】寄存器中，STM32就知道这片内存是用来作为发送描述符了。</p>
<p>​        发送描述符的主要作用就是用来记录发送缓冲区的大小，缓冲区的地址，还有这个缓冲区的状态等等，里面有很多信息，这些信息是用来协同CPU和DMA二者之间工作的。</p>
<p>​        <strong>重要的信息有：</strong></p>
<p>​        TDES 0中的OWN位：</p>
<p>​        0：表示CPU占有描述符，CPU可以从DMA中提取数据，但是DMA不能从FIFO中接收数据。</p>
<p>​        1：表示DMA占有描述符，CPU不可以从DMA中提取数据，DMA可以从FIFO中接收数据。</p>
<p>​        DMA在传输完整个帧或者这个缓存里的数据全部读出以后把该位清0’。每个帧的第一个缓存描述符的占有位，必须在后面缓存描述符的占有位全部置’1’以后，才能置”1’。</p>
<p>​        <strong>发送过程：</strong></p>
<p>​        1、当OWN位为0的时候，表示CPU可以将要发送的数据拷贝到描述符中，拷贝完成以后，我们手动将描述符的OWN位设置为1，以此来告诉DMA控制器，我已经拷贝完数据了，你可以从描述符中取出数据进行发送了。</p>
<p>​        2、这时候DMA就会取出描述符中的数据，将数据发送出去，DMA在操作完描述符以后，自动将OWN位设置为0，告诉CPU，我DMA已经发送完数据啦，你可以拷贝下一帧数据到描述符上了。</p>
<p>​        3、这个时候OWN为0了，重复步骤1</p>
<p>​        整个发送的过程就是这样配合的。这样DMA和CPU之间就不会抢占数据了。</p>
<p>​        <strong>DES 0中的位20 TCH：链接的第二个地址(Second address chained)</strong></p>
<p>​        用来表示描述符中的第二个地址是用来保存下一个描述符地址还是第二个缓冲区的地址。</p>
<p>​        该位置1时，表示描述符中的第二个地址是下一个描述符地址，而非第二个缓冲区地址。也就是ST使用的链式结构。</p>
<p>​        ST的以太网驱动程序中用ETH_DMADESCTypeDef定义DMA描述符，代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  ETH DMA Descriptors data structure definition</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span>  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">  __IO <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   Status;           <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Status */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   ControlBufferSize;     <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Control and Buffer1, Buffer2 lengths */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   Buffer1Addr;           <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Buffer1 address pointer */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   Buffer2NextDescAddr;   <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Buffer2 or next descriptor address pointer */</span></span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Enhanced ETHERNET DMA PTP Descriptors */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   ExtendedStatus;        <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Extended status for PTP receive descriptor */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   Reserved1;             <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Reserved */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   TimeStampLow;          <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Time Stamp Low value for transmit and receive */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">uint32_t</span>   TimeStampHigh;         <span class="comment">/*!&lt; Time Stamp High value for transmit and receive */</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125; ETH_DMADescTypeDef;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>​        Status用来表示该描述符的状态<br>​        ControlBufferSize表示该描述符缓冲区数据的长度<br>​        Buffer1Addr用来存放该描述符缓冲区的地址，我们要发送的数据，就是放在这个地址开始的内存中<br>​        Buffer2NextDescAddr表示下一个描述符的地址</p>
<p>​        当我们需要发送数据的时候，我们把数据拷贝到发送描述符的缓冲区中（Buffer1Addr），告诉DMA我们拷贝完成了，DMA就会从发送描述符的缓冲区中取数据，将数据通过以太网外设发送到网络中去。</p>
<p>​        同样地，以太网外设接收到了网络中的数据时，DMA自动拷贝数据到接收描述符的缓冲区中（Buffer1Addr），产生中断告诉CPU，有数据来了，我们就可以取出描述符的数据，从而知道接收到了什么。</p>
<p><strong>发送的数据实际上放在哪里？</strong></p>
<p>​        例如，我们要发送一帧512字节的数据，那么我们就需要先建立一个至少大于512字节的数组，将要发送的数据拷贝到这个数组里面，然后设置这个描述符的数据长度是512即可，如下图所示。</p>
<img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210022134961.png" style="zoom:67%;">

<p><strong>要发送的数据长度超出一个描述符能够存放的最大长度怎么办？</strong></p>
<p>​        如果我们发送的一帧数据很大，一个描述符没有办法放下那么多数据，应该怎么办呢？这时候就需要用到链表，将这帧以太网数据分割位若干部分，分别存放在多个描述符里面，描述符之间用链表的形式建立连接。说起来有点抽象，我们举个例子。</p>
<p>​        例如，有4K字节的一帧数据要发送出去，但是每一个描述符的缓冲区大小只有1K，这时候就需要用4个描述符来存储要发送的这一帧数据，请看下图。我们把第一个1K的数据放入描述符中，并且设置它的TEDS0寄存器的FS位为1，表示这个描述符存储了数据帧的第一个分块，把最后1K的数据放入描述符中，设置它的TDES0寄存器的LS位为1，表示这是该帧数据的最后一个分块。这样DMA就能够根据这些信息组合出一条完整的数据帧，进行发送。<br><img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210022138569.png" style="zoom:67%;"></p>
<p>​        在ST代码中定义了两个DMA描述符数组，一个用于DMA接收，一个用于DMA发送，如下DMARxDscrTab和DMATxDscrTab：</p>
<p><img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210022141306.png"></p>
<p>接收和发送描述的大小通过宏ETH_RXBUFNB和ETH_TXBUFNB来定义，默认都为5。</p>
<p>​        我们知道以链接结构太网描述符的Buffer1Addr成员用来存放缓冲区地址，那么数据缓冲区在哪里？这个数据缓冲区也是定义为数组的，如上面的Rx_Buff和Tx_Buff。把他们联系在一起的代码，把描述符和缓冲区联系起来，也就是下面的函数把描述符标构成链式结构。</p>
<p>​        <img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210022145284.png"></p>
<p>解析如下（网上别人的截图）:</p>
<p><img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/202210022146498.webp"></p>
<p><strong>参考链接</strong>：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22902757/article/details/104275441">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22902757/article/details/104275441</a></p>

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